INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam

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Which substance disrupts cell membranes and is lethal to a wide variety of organisms except endospores, TB, and non-enveloped viruses?

Ethanol
Quaternary Ammonium
Bleach
Phenol

The correct answer is: Quaternary Ammonium

Quaternary Ammonium compounds are known for their ability to disrupt cell membranes, leading to the death of a wide variety of organisms. These compounds have a strong antimicrobial effect and are commonly used as disinfectants in healthcare settings. Endospores, TB, and non-enveloped viruses are exceptions to the effectiveness of Quaternary Ammonium compounds due to their unique structures and resistance mechanisms. Ethanol, Bleach, and Phenol are also disinfectants commonly used in healthcare settings, but Quaternary Ammonium compounds have a more specific mechanism of action against cell membranes, making them the correct answer in this context.