INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam

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Which laryngeal muscle increases tension and is innervated by the external laryngeal branch of cranial nerve X?

  1. Posterior cricoarytenoids

  2. Oblique/transverse arytenoids

  3. Cricothyroid

  4. Genioglossus

The correct answer is: Cricothyroid

The cricothyroid muscle is unique among laryngeal muscles in that it is the only muscle that increases tension in the vocal cords, causing them to become stretched and thin. This muscle is important for higher pitch notes and is innervated by the external laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X). Posterior cricoarytenoids, oblique/transverse arytenoids, and genioglossus are all incorrect choices because they do not increase tension in the vocal cords and are not innervated by the external laryngeal branch of cranial nerve X. The posterior cricoarytenoids abduct the vocal cords, the oblique/transverse arytenoids adduct the vocal cords, and the genioglossus is a muscle of the tongue. Understanding the functions and innervation of these other muscles can help eliminate them as potential answers.

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