INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam

Which are systemic sequelae of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome?

1. HTN, cor pulmonale, cardiac arrythmia

2. Asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer

3. DVT, PE, stroke

4. Hypertension, diabetes, obesity

The correct answer is: HTN, cor pulmonale, cardiac arrythmia

Systemic sequelae are long-term complications that can occur as a result of a disease or disorder. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated pauses in breathing or shallow breaths during sleep. It is associated with a number of serious health problems. Choice A, HTN (hypertension), cor pulmonale (enlargement of the right side of the heart), and cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm), are all cardiovascular sequelae commonly associated with OSAS. These conditions are caused by the high fluctuations in blood oxygen, blood pressure, and heart rate that occur during sleep apnea. Choice B, asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer, are not systemic sequelae of OSAS. Asthma and bronchitis are respiratory conditions caused by inflammation of the airways, and lung cancer is a malignancy that forms in the lungs. While OSAS may contribute to these conditions, they are not considered systemic sequelae. Choice C, DVT (deep vein thrombosis), PE (pulmonary embolism), and stroke, are not systemic sequelae of OSAS. These are all thrombotic events, meaning they are caused