INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam

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What study design looks back after following the cohort?

  1. Retrospective cohort study

  2. Prospective cohort study

  3. Cross-sectional study

  4. Case-control study

The correct answer is: Retrospective cohort study

A retrospective cohort study examines a group of subjects from the past to the present in order to identify potential risk factors or exposures and then follows them forward to see if they develop the outcome of interest. This design is useful for identifying potential causal relationships between exposure and outcome. Option B, a prospective cohort study, follows a group of subjects into the future to track outcomes and potential exposures. This design is useful for investigating potential causal relationships, but it may be more time consuming and costly compared to a retrospective design. Option C, a cross-sectional study, involves collecting data from a group of subjects at a single point in time and does not track them over time. This design is useful for identifying prevalence and patterns, but it is not useful for identifying causal relationships. Option D, a case-control study, is used to compare individuals with a specific outcome (cases) to those without the outcome (controls) in order to identify potential risk factors. This design is useful for studying rare outcomes, but it is not useful for identifying the temporal relationship between exposure and outcome. Overall, a retrospective cohort study is the best option for looking back at a cohort over time to identify potential causal relationships.

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