INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam

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What study design follows a cohort through time?

Prospective cohort study
Retrospective cohort study
Cross-sectional study
Case-control study

The correct answer is: Prospective cohort study

A prospective cohort study is the appropriate study design for following a cohort of individuals over time. This design involves selecting a group of individuals and monitoring them prospectively (looking forward in time) for the development of an outcome of interest. This design allows for the examination of risk factors and is useful for determining the incidence of an outcome. A retrospective cohort study, on the other hand, looks back in time at a cohort of individuals and examines their exposure to a risk factor and how it relates to the development of an outcome. This study design may suffer from recall bias. A cross-sectional study involves observing a population at a single point in time and is not useful for examining trends or changes over time. A case-control study compares individuals with an outcome (cases) to individuals without the outcome (controls). This design does not follow a cohort over time and is useful for examining the relationship between exposure and outcome, but cannot determine incidence.