INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam

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What kind of study can be designed using information primarily on the exposure to past risk factors?

Cross-sectional study
Prospective cohort study
Retrospective cohort study
Randomized control trial

The correct answer is: Retrospective cohort study

A cross-sectional study would not be able to determine causality as it only measures data at a single point in time and does not take into account past risk factors. A prospective cohort study follows a group of individuals over time and measures risk factors and outcomes, but does not focus solely on past risk factors. A randomized control trial involves randomly assigning participants to either an intervention or control group, which may not be feasible when studying past risk factors. A retrospective cohort study, on the other hand, looks at past data and follows individuals over time to determine the relationship between risk factors and outcomes. This type of study is ideal for examining the effects of past risk factors on current outcomes. Therefore, the correct answer is C.