INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam

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What can cause splenic enlargement?

Heart failure
Lung disease
Infectious mononucleosis
Diabetes

The correct answer is: Infectious mononucleosis

Splenic enlargement can be caused by a variety of conditions, including infections such as infectious mononucleosis. In infectious mononucleosis, the spleen commonly enlarges as a part of the body's immune response to the Epstein-Barr virus. This viral infection leads to an increase in the number of white blood cells, causing the spleen to enlarge in order to help filter and remove these cells. Heart failure, lung disease, and diabetes typically do not directly cause splenic enlargement. These conditions are more commonly associated with other symptoms and complications specific to each disease process.