INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam

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Through what pro inflammatory mediator is macrophage activation achieved?

  1. TNFa

  2. IL-1

  3. IL-10

  4. IFN-gamma

The correct answer is: TNFa

Macrophage activation can occur through various pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNFa, IL-1 and IFN-gamma. However, IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that works against the activation of macrophages. Therefore, it is not the correct answer for this question. While all three options can play a role in macrophage activation, TNFa is specifically known for its ability to activate macrophages and initiate an inflammatory response. B and D may also contribute to this process, but they are not the primary mediator targeted by drugs that aim to inhibit macrophage activation. Therefore, A is the best answer for this question.

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