INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam

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Previous history of periodontal disease and BOP are examples of?

Disease symptoms
Risk factors
Risk markers
Risk indications

The correct answer is: Risk markers

Previous history of periodontal disease and bleeding on probing (BOP) are both examples of risk markers. Risk markers are characteristics or measures that indicate an increased probability of developing a condition or disease in the future. In this case, a history of periodontal disease and BOP suggest an increased risk of experiencing periodontal problems in the future. Therefore, they are considered risk markers. Option A (disease symptoms) is incorrect because these are not symptoms of a disease, but rather indicators that suggest a potential risk of developing a disease. Option B (risk factors) typically refer to factors that directly increase the likelihood of developing a disease, while risk markers are more indirect indicators of increased risk. Option D (risk indications) is not a commonly used term in this context and does not accurately describe the concept being tested in this question.